Yudhisthira : Son of dharma god
Birth
Raden Puntadewa or Yudistira was the eldest son of Pandu and Kunti, kings and queens of the Kuru Dynasty, with a central government in Hastinapura. The first part of the Mahabharata (Adiparwa) tells the story of the curse that Pandu experienced after killing a brahmin named Resi Kindama by accident. The brahmin was hit by Pandu's arrow while he and his wife were copulating in the form of a pair of deer. Towards his death, Resi Kindama once cursed Pandu that one day he would die while having sex with his wife. Regretfully, Pandu left the throne of Hastinapura and began life as a hermit in the forest to reduce his passions. His two wives, Kunti and Madri faithfully followed him. After a long time of not being blessed with offspring, Pandu expressed his intention to have children. Kunti who mastered Adityahredaya's mantra soon realized her husband's wishes. The spell is the science of the caller of the gods to get a son. By using the spell, Kunti succeeded in bringing God Dharma and getting a son's gift from him without going through intercourse. The first son was named Yudistira. Thus, Yudistira became the eldest son of Pandu, as a result of dharma giving, namely the god of justice and wisdom.
The story in Javanese puppetry is somewhat different. According to this version, Puntadewa is pandu's child who was born in Hastinapura palace. Bhatara Dharma's arrival only helped puntadewa's birth and gave his blessing. With the help of the deity, Puntadewa was born through kunti's forelock. In Javanese puppetry, the name Puntadewa is more commonly used, while the name Yudistira is only used after he grows up and becomes king. This version depicts Puntadewa as a white-blooded man, which is an allusion that he is a sacred-hearted figure and always upholds the truth.
Youth and education
Yudistira and his four younger brothers Bima (Bimasena), Arjuna, Nakula, and Sadewa returned to Hastinapura after their father (Pandu) died. At that time, Hastinapura was led by Dretarastra, Pandu's blind brother. Pandu's five sons—known as the Pandava—made their cousins, the sons of Dretarastra (a hundred Korawa led by Duryodana) envious. Bisma (elder of the Kuru Dynasty) and Widura (prime minister) preferred Yudistira over Dretarastra's son, so Duryodana was dismayed when Yudistira was crowned crown prince. Duryodana tries to get rid of the five Pandava, especially Bima who is considered withering strong. On the other hand, Yudistira always tried to spread Bima so as not to retaliate for the actions of the Korawa.
Pandawa and Korawa then studied religious science, law, and state goodbye from the Krepa Regiment. In this education, Yudistira appeared as a student who was withering clever. Krepa was very supportive when the throne of Hastinapura was handed over to the oldest Pandawa. After that, Pandawa and Korawa studied war science to Resi Drona. In this second education, Arjuna appeared as a student who was withering clever, especially in archery. Meanwhile, Yudistira himself is more skilled in using spear guns.
Burning Laksagraha
During Pandu's life in the forest until his death, the throne of Hastinapura was temporarily held by his older brother, Dretarastra, the father of the Korawas. When Yudistira reached adulthood, it was time for Dretarastra to hand over the throne to Yudhisthira, as the eldest son of Pandu and the oldest prince among the Kuru Dynasty. Meanwhile, Duryodana tries hard to seize the throne and get rid of pandava. With the help of Sangkuni (maternal uncle), Duryodana pretended to entertain her five cousins in a building in Waranawata. The building itself is made of flammable materials, and by its architect (Purocana) is called Laksagraha, meaning "House of Candles". When night fell, the Korawas set fire to the building where the Pandava and Kunti, their mothers, slept. However, Yudistira was prepared because the assassination plan had been heard by his uncle, Widura Pandu's sister. As a result, the five Pandava and Kunti managed to escape death. Pandawa and Kunti then went through various difficult experiences.
Wedding
After surviving a murder conspiracy by Duryodana and Sangkuni, the Pandavas and Kunti went across ekachakra city, then stayed temporarily in panchala kingdom. Arjuna won a competition in the kingdom and obtained a beautiful princess named Dropadi. Kunti accidentally orders dropadi to be divided into five. As a result, Dropadi quip became Pandawa's fifth wife. From his marriage to Yudistira, Dropadi gave birth to Pratiwindya. His second wife was Dewika, daughter of Gowasana of the Saibya tribe, and had a son named Yodeya.
The Javanese version calls Dropadi by the name of "Drupadi". According to Javanese puppetry, after winning the competition, Arjuna handed the princess over to Puntadewa as the eldest brother. Initially Puntadewa refused, but after being urged by his mother and four younger siblings, he finally joked about being willing to marry Drupadi. From that marriage was born a son named Pancawala. Thus, according to the original version, Dropadi was married to the five Pandava, while according to the Javanese version, he was only married to Yudistira.
King Indraprasta
After marrying Dropadi, the Pandava returned to Hastinapura and received a great reception, except from Duryodana. The rivalry between Pandava and Korawa over the throne of Hastinapura re-occurred. The elders finally agreed to give pandava a portion of the kingdom's territory. Korawa obtained hastinapura palace, while Pandawa got Kandawaprastha forest as the place to build a new palace. Although the area is very arid and haunted, the Pandavas are willing to accept the area. In addition to its territory covering almost half the territory of the Kuru kingdom, Kandawaprastha was also the capital of the former Kuru kingdom, before Hastinapura. The Pandava were assisted by their cousins, Krishna and Baladewa, and managed to open Kandawaprastha into a new settlement. The Pandava then received assistance from Wiswakarma, a builder from kahyangan, and also Anggaraparna from Gandharwa. So created a magnificent and beautiful palace named Indraprastha, which means "city of Indra"
Construction of the Amarta kingdom
In the Javanese version, Indraprastha's name is better known as amarta kingdom. According to this version, the forest opened by the Pandava is not named Kandawaprastha, but rather named Wanamarta.
The Javanese version tells us that after dropadi competition, the Pandava did not return to Hastinapura but instead headed to Wirata kingdom, where their relative named Prabu Matsyapati ruled. Matsyapati who was sympathetic to pandava's experience suggested that they open a no man's land called Wanamarta into a new kingdom. Wanamarta Forest is inhabited by various spirits led by five brothers, named Yudistira, Danduncana, Suparta, Sapujagad, and Sapulebu. Pandawa's work in opening the forest experienced many obstacles. Finally, after going through a conversation, the spirits let Wanamarta go to the Pandava.
Yudistira then moved Amarta's palace from the genie realm to the real world to be inhabited by pandava. After that, he and his four younger brothers disappeared. One version mentions the five of them each fused into the five Pandava. Puntadewa later became King Amarta after being pushed and forced by his four younger brothers. In memory of and honoring the king of jin who had given him the palace, Puntadewa quip wore the title Prabu Yudistira.
Grace of Tranquility
After becoming King of Amarta, Puntadewa went to great lengths to prosper his country. It is said that whoever can marry the princess of Slagahima Kingdom named Dewi Kuntulwinanten, then the country where she lives will become prosperous and prosperous. Puntadewa himself has decided to have a wife only. But because Dropadi allowed him to remarry for the prosperity of the country, he went to Slagahima Kingdom. At the palace Slagahima had gathered many kings and princes who came to propose kuntulwinanten. But the princess was only willing to marry someone with a sacred heart, and she found that criterion in Puntadewa. Then Kuntulwinanten suddenly perished and fused into Puntadewa. In fact Kuntulwinanten is not a real man, but rather a form of incarnation of the divine grace for a just king who only thinks about the welfare of his country. While the son of the original king of Slagahima named Tambakganggeng. He later served in Puntadewa and was appointed patih in the kingdom of Amarta.
Rajasuya Ceremony
The second part of the Mahabharata or Sabhaparwa tells the story of Yudistira's intention to hold Rajasuya ceremonies in order to spread dharma and get rid of the angry angkara kings. Bima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sadewa led their respective armies to the four corners of Bharatawarsha (Ancient India) to collect tributes in the grand ceremony. At the same time, an angry angkara king also held a ceremony sacrificing a hundred kings. The king was named Jarasanda of the Magadha kingdom. Yudistira sent Bima and Arjuna accompanied by Krishna as an advisor to take down Jarasanda. Finally, through an exciting match, Bima managed to kill Jarasanda.
After all the requirements were met, Yudistira performed Rajasuya ceremony which was attended by many kings and priests. On that occasion, Yudistira was appointed as Maharajadhiraja. Then came a Jarasanda ally named Sisupala who insulted Krishna in public. After passing his 100th humiliation, Krishna finally beheads Sisupala in public.
When he was a guest at Rajasuya, Duryodana was amazed and envious to see the beauty of Indraprastha palace. It was his intention to seize the kingdom, especially after he was offended by Dropadi's remarks in a meeting. Sangkuni helped Duryodhana's intentions by utilizing Yudistira's penchant for dice games. Yudistira is a religious expert, but on the other hand he loves the game. Duryodana's invitation was well received. The dice game between Pandawa and Korawa was held at Hastinapura palace. At first Yudistira bet only a small amount. But everything fell into The Duryodana's hands thanks to Sakuni's cleverness in throwing the dice.
Sangkuni's incitement made Yudistira desperate to risk all his possessions, even Indraprastha. Finally, the hard-built country fell into the hands of opponents. Yudistira, who had dark eyes, also risked his four younger siblings in order. All four quip fell into the hands of Duryodana one by one, even finally Yudistira himself. Duryodana still forces Yudistira who has lost his independence to continue the game, by risking Dropadi. As a result, Dropadi joke also fared the same.
Dropadi's lament when publicly humiliated was heard by Gandari, the mother of the Korawa. He ordered Duryodana to stop the game and return everything to Pandawa. With a heavy heart, Duryodhana was forced to obey her mother's orders. The disappointed Duryodana again challenged Yudistira some time later. This time the rules were changed. Whoever loses must surrender the state and its contents, and live in the forest for 12 years and go undercover for a year in an empire. If the disguise is uncovered, then it is mandatory to repeat the disposal for 12 years and disguise a year, that is the next. Finally, thanks to Sakuni's cunning, the Pandawa joke suffered a defeat for the second time. Since then five Pandava and Dropadi have spent their exile in the forest.
Life in exile
The lives of the Pandava and Dropadi during their 12-year exile in the forest are told in the third volume of the Mahabharata known as Wanaparwa. Yudistira who felt witheringly responsible for what befell his family and country tried to remain steadfast in serving his sentence. He often clashed with Bima who wanted to return to Hastinapura to defeat the Korawas. Nevertheless, Bima remained submissive and obeyed Yudistira's orders to serve his sentence according to the agreement.
Once upon a time the Korawas came into the forest to party to torment the feelings of the Pandava. However, they clashed with the Gandharwa people led by Citrasena. In that incident, Duryodana was caught by Citrasena. However, Yudistira instead sent Bima and Arjuna to help Duryodana. He threatened to leave on his own if his two younger brothers refused orders. Eventually the two Pandava managed to free Duryodana. Duryodana's intention to come to the forest to torture the feelings of the Pandava ended with the overwhelming shame she felt.
Another incident that occurred was the abduction of Dropadi by Jayadrata, Duryodana's sister-in-law. Bima and Arjuna manage to capture Jayadrata and almost kill him. Yudistira appeared and forgave the king of sindu kingdom.
Toxic lake events
One day towards the end of the exile period, Yudistira and his four younger brothers helped a brahmin who lost his ceremonial equipment due to being caught on the antlers of a wild deer. In the pursuit of the deer, the five Pandavas felt thirsty. Yudistira joked that sadewa was looking for drinking water. Because he did not come back for a long time, Nakula was told to follow, then Arjuna, and bima finally followed. Yudistira grew increasingly anxious because none of her four younger siblings returned.
Yudistira then set out after the Pandava and found them dead on the edge of a lake. There is a stork (baka) that claims to be the owner of the lake. He told me that the four Pandava died of lake water poisoning because they refused to answer questions from him. Holding back his thirst, Yudistira invited the stork to ask. The stork then transformed into Yaksa. One question at a time he managed to answer. Here are some of the questions Yaksa asked Yudistira:
Yaksa: What is heavier than the Earth, sublime than the sky, faster than the wind and more numerous than a hay mound?
Yudhishthira: The Mother is heavier than the Earth, the Father is sublime than the sky, the mind is faster than the wind and our worries are more numerous than the straw mounds.
Yaksa: Who is the friend of a traveler? Who is the friend of a sick man and a dying man?
Yudhishthira: A friend of a traveler is his companion. The healer is a friend of a sick man and a friend of a dying man is a charity.
Yaksa: What thing if left behind makes someone loved, happy and rich?
Yudhishthira: Hubris, when abandoned makes one loved. Desire, when abandoned makes someone rich and greedy, when left behind makes someone happy.
Yaksa: What enemy is invisible? What diseases can't be cured? What kind of man is noble and contemptible?
Yudhishthira: Anger is an invisible enemy. Dissatisfaction is an incurable disease. The noble man is the one who expects good for all beings and the humble Man is the one who knows no forgiveness.
Yaksa: Who is truly happy? What is the greatest miracle? What's the way? And what's the news?
Yudhishthira: A debt-free person is truly happy. Day after day countless people died. But the living hope to live forever. My God, what's the bigger miracle? Dissent leads to an uncertain conclusion, Between Śruti differ from each other, there is not even a Receipt whose thoughts are acceptable to all. The truth of dharma and duty, hidden in the caves of our hearts. Therefore solitude is a path where there are large and small. This stupid world is like a frying pan. The sun is its fire, day and night are its fuel. The months and seasons are the wooden spoon. Time is the Chef who cooks all the creatures in that pan (with such various help). Here's the news.
Finally, Yaksa jokes admitted to losing, but he was only able to turn on one person. In this case, Yudistira chose Nakula to be revived. Yaksa is surprised because Nakula is a half-sister, not a younger sibling. Yudistira replied that he should be fair. His father, Pandu, had two wives. Since Yudistira was born from Kunti, then the one he chooses to live again must be the son born of Madri, namely Nakula. Yaksa was impressed with Yudistira's justice. He quip back to his original form, namely The God of Dharma. His arrival disguised as wild deer and yaksa was to give a test to the Pandavas. Thanks to yudistira's justice and sincerity, nakula was not only revived, but also Bima, Arjuna, and Sadewa.
Incognito in Matsya
After 12 years of exile in the forest, the five Pandava and Dropadi then went into a year-long cover. As a hideout, they chose the Matsya Kingdom led by Wirata. This story is contained in the Book of the Mahabharata of the fourth volume or Wirataparwa. Yudistira disguised Kanka as a brahmin who taught King Wirata the game of dice. Bima becomes Balawa as a cook, Arjuna becomes Wrihanala as a transvestite dance master, Nakula becomes Damagranti as a horseman, Sadewa becomes Tantripala as a cattle herder, while Dropadi becomes Sailandri as a palace dayang.
At the end of the pandava disguise year, there was an attack by kuru kingdom against Wirata's rule. Matsya's entire royal powers were deployed against the trigartha army, An ally of Duryodhana. As a result, Matsya's palace became empty and under threat from hastinapura forces. North wirata's son who was assigned to guard the palace, departed accompanied by Wrihanala (Arjuna) as a coachman. On the battlefield Wrihanala opened a disguise and appeared to face Duryodana's troops as Arjuna. Alone he managed to repel the troops from Hastinapura. Meanwhile, Wirata's troops also got a victory over Trigartha's troops. Wirata proudly praised the greatness of the North that defeated the Korawas alone. Kanka moniker Yudistira explained that the key to the North's victory was Wrihanala. It offended Wirata and hit Kanka in the head until he bled.
In the Javanese version of puppetry, Wirata is the name of the kingdom, not the name of the person. While the king is named Matsyapati. In the kingdom, Yudistira or Puntadewa disguised as the manager of the capital market named Dwijakangka. When the incognito deadline was even a year, the five Pandava and Dropadi quip uncognised. Knowing that, Wirata felt very sorry for treating them badly. He joked that he would become an ally of Pandawa in an effort to regain indraprastha's throne.
When pereang baratayudha
When the Pandavas returned to Hastinapura to demand the rights they should have received, Duryodana was cynical towards them. He did not want to hand Hastinapura over to Yudistira. Various peace efforts were launched by the Pandava but were always rejected by Duryodana.
Duryodana refused when Yudistira asked only five villages, not the entire Indraprastha. At its peak, Duryodana tried to kill the Pandava ambassador, Krishna, but failed.
The war in Kurukshetra between Pandawa and Korawa was inevitable. Javanese poets referred to the event as Bharatayuddha. Meanwhile, in the Mahabharata the story of the great war is found in the sixth to tenth volumes.
During the war, Yudistira's train was decorated with banners bearing the images of the golden moons that were fringed by the planets. Two drums named Nanda and Upananda were tied to the pole.
The beginning of the battle
In the Bhismaparwa section it is said that before the first day of war began, Yudistira got off his train on foot towards the Korawa troops who lined up before him. Duryodana mocked him as a coward who immediately surrendered as soon as he saw the power of Korawa and their allies. However, Yudistira's arrival was not to surrender, but to ask for prayers of blessing to the four elders who fought on the opposing side. They are Bisma, Krepa, Drona, and Salya. All four prayed that the Pandava would win. It certainly made Duryodana hurt.
Yudistira returned to his army. He invited anyone who wanted to move troops before the war really started. It turns out that the one who moved was Duryodhana's half-sister who was born from a concubine named Yuyutsu, who moved to leave Korawa to join Pandawa.
Battle against Drona
Bisma led the Korawa army for ten days. After he fell, he was succeeded by Drona, who was given a mandate from Duryodana to capture Yudistira alive. Drona was happy with the task, even though Duryodana's intention was to take Yudistira as a hostage to force her supporters to surrender. Various ways were launched by Drona to capture Yudistira. Countless Pandava allies died at the hands of Drona for protecting Yudistira, such as Drupada and Wirata.
Finally, on the 15th day, Pandawa's advisor Krishna found a way to defeat Drona by announcing the news of the death of an elephant named Aswatama. Aswatama was also the name of Drona's only son. The similarity of the name was used by Krishna to deceive Drona. At Krishna's behest, Bima immediately killed the elephant and shouted his death. Drona was anxious to hear the news of Aswatama's death. He immediately went to Yudistira who he considered to be a human being withering honestly to ask about the truth of the news. Yudistira was forced to be dishonest. He confirmed the news of Aswatama's death without attempting to explain that the dead were elephants, not sons of Drona. Yudistira's answer makes Drona fall limp. He threw away all his weapons and sat meditating. Suddenly Drestadyumna Drupada's son came to him and then cut off his head from behind. Drona joke died instantly. In this event who withering feel guilty is Yudistira.
Fighting Prabu salya
Bharatayuddha text in Old Javanese tells that Salya used a weapon named Rudrarohastra, while Yudistira used a weapon named Kalimahosaddha. Yudistira's inheritance in the form of the book was thrown and suddenly turned into a spear through Salya's chest.
Meanwhile, according to the Javanese version of puppetry, Salya exerted the knowledge of Candabirawa in the form of a terrible dwarf giant, which if injured in number actually increased. Puntadewa advanced to silence the copyright. Candabirawa was paralyzed instantly because Puntadewa had been possessed by the spirit of Resi Bagaspati, the original owner of the science. Next, Puntadewa released Jamus Kalimasada who sped up to hit Salya's chest. Salya joke died instantly.
Challenges for Duryodana
After running out of troops, Duryodhana hides at the bottom of the lake. The five Pandava accompanied by Krishna managed to find the place. Duryodana jokes to come ashore ready to face the five Pandava at once. Yudistira rejected Duryodhana's challenge because Pandawa abstained from cowardice by means of primary keroyok, as did the Korawa when killing Abimanyu on the 13th day. Instead, Duryodana is welcome to fight one-on-one against one of the five Pandava. If he loses, then the kingdom must be returned to Pandawa. On the contrary, if he wins, Yudistira is willing to return to live in the forest.
Bima was surprised to hear yudistira's decision which seemed to give Duryodana another chance to rule, even though Pandawa's victory was only a step away. In this case Yudistira instead blamed Bima who was considered less confident. Duryodana, despite his anger, was also a brave man. He chose Bima as the opponent of the battle, which was withering valiantly among the five Pandava. After a long battle, duryodana was defeated by her weak thigh. This at the same time completed Bima's vow to kill Duryodana because of his contempt for Dropadi. Balarama was angry and determined to kill Bima because his thigh was a forbidden target in a mace duel, but was warned by Krishna that Bima was only trying to carry out his oath. Duryodana joke died slowly after brushing each other's tongues with Krishna.
Emperor of the world
After the war ended, Yudistira performed the Tarpana ceremony to glorify the dead. He was later appointed king of Hastinapura as well as king of Indraprastha. Yudistira patiently accepted Dretarastra as the king of Sepuh in the city of Hastinapura. He forbade his brothers to be rude and offensive to the korawa's father, but Bima always offended Dretarastra about his children's actions so that the king was lengser from the throne of Hastinapura.
Yudistira then held Aswamedha Yadnya, a sacrifice ceremony to reestheld the rule of dharma throughout the world. At this ceremony, a horse is released to wander for a year. Arjuna was tasked with leading the troops to follow and escort the horse. The kings whose territory the horse passed by must choose to follow the rule of Yudistira or be fought. Arjuna sent troops to the north, Bima to the east, Nakula to the west and Sadewa to the south. Finally after several battles, all the kingdoms chose to pay tribute. Once again Yudistira was crowned Emperor of the World after the first Rajasuya Ceremony.
Resignation
After the beginning of kaliyuga and the death of Krishna, Yudistira and his four younger brothers withdrew from worldly affairs. They left the royal throne, treasures, and attributes to make the final journey, circling Bharatawarsha and then heading for the himalayan peaks. At the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Yudistira found the dog and then the animal was the pandawa's faithful companion. While climbing the summit, one by one starting from Dropadi, Sadewa, Nakula, Arjuna, and Bima died. Each one is dragged away by what they used to do. Only Yudistira and his dog made it to the top of the mountain, because of the sanctity of his heart.
Dewa Indra, the leader of kahyangan community, came to pick up Yudistira to be invited to ride to the people by his carriage. However, Indra rejected the dog that Yudistira brought on the grounds that the animal was un suci and unfit to enter the nationality. Yudistira refused to enter Swargaloka if she had to part with her dog. Indra was surprised that Yudistira was able to leave his brothers and Dropadi without holding a funeral ceremony for them, but preferred not to leave a dog. Yudistira replied that it was not him who abandoned them, but they who abandoned him. Yudistira's loyalty has been tested. His dog returned to the original form of Dewa Yama or batara dharma, his father
Yudistira and the dharma deity ascended to heaven by indra train. But it turns out that the four Pandava were not found there. Duryodana and her siblings, who had been spreadinging in their lives, were angry. Indra explained that the four Pandava and the other heroes were undergoing torture in hell. Yudistira declared ready to go to hell to accompany them. However, when there is a scene of hell accompanied by a heart-squealing sound and decorated with gore makes him cringe. When tempted to escape from hell, Yudistira managed to master himself. There was a voice of his brothers calling out. Yudistira decided to stay in hell. He felt it was better to live tormented with his kind brothers than to rejoice in heaven but be accompanied by evil relatives. Suddenly the scenery turned beautiful. Dewa Indra appeared and said that once again Yudistira passed the test, because his short time in Hell was as an expleralment of Yudistira's dishonesty towards Drona about Aswatama's death. He stated that from then on, Pandawa Lima and the other heroes were declared the inhabitants of Heaven, while the Korawas would undergo eternal torment in hell.
According to the Javanese version of the puppetry, the death of the Pandava occurred at the same time as Krishna when they meditated inside Sekar Temple. However, this version is less popular because many puppeteers prefer to perform the dramatised version of the Mahabharata as told above.